The process of producing bioethanol from green algae involves several steps, including:

 The process of producing bioethanol from green algae involves several steps, including: 

 

Fermentation

The process of converting the sugars, cellulose, or starch in algae into bioethanol. This is typically done in two stages: first, extracting starch, then fermenting it with yeast. 

 

Enzymatic saccharification

This process uses enzymes to break down the cellulose and starch in algae to create fermentable sugars. 

 

Hydrolysis

This process uses enzymes or microbes to break down cellulose and hemicellulose, and remove lignin. 

 

Transesterification

This process uses reactions between fatty acids and alcohols to convert algal oil into biofuel. Ethanol and methanol are commonly used because they are inexpensive. 

 

Distillation and purification

This process separates and purifies the bioethanol from the fermentation broth. Distillation is based on the different boiling points of ethanol and water. 

 

Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment is a common pre-treatment step for m

acroalgae biomass.