Plant hormones play a critical role in regulating various physiological processes in plants π±. Auxins, for instance, influence cell elongation and root development π, while cytokinins promote cell division and shoot growth πΎ. Gibberellins are essential for seed germination and stem elongation πΏ, and abscisic acid regulates stress responses and dormancy π§️. Ethylene, commonly associated with fruit ripening π, also mediates responses to mechanical stress and pathogen attack π¦ . Understanding the intricacies of these hormones is crucial for advancing agronomic practices and improving crop yield πΎπ
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