Economic development is essential to meeting human needs and to
eliminating the poverty that affects so many people around the world.
The sustainable use of nature is essential for the long-term success of
development strategies. A major challenge for the 21st century will be
making the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity a compelling
basis for development policies, business decisions, and consumer
desires.
Promoting the long term
The Convention has already accomplished a great deal on the road to
sustainable development by transforming the international community's
approach to biodiversity. This progress has been driven by the
Convention's inherent strengths of near universal membership, a
comprehensive and science-driven mandate, international financial
support for national projects, world-class scientific and technological
advice, and the political involvement of governments. It has brought
together, for the first time, people with very different interests. It
offers hope for the future by forging a new deal between governments,
economic interests, environmentalists, indigenous peoples and local
communities, and the concerned citizen.
However, many challenges still lie ahead. After a surge of interest in
the wake of the Rio Summit, many observers are disappointed by the slow
progress towards sustainable development during the 1990s. Attention to
environmental problems was distracted by a series of economic crises,
budget deficits, and local and regional conflicts. Despite the promise
of Rio, economic growth without adequate environmental safeguards is
still the rule rather than the exception.
Some of the major challenges to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity and promoting sustainable development are:
- Meeting the increasing demand for biological resources caused by population growth and increased consumption, while considering the long-term consequences of our actions
- Increasing our capacity to document and understand biodiversity, its value, and threats to it.
- Building adequate expertise and experience in biodiversity planning.
- Improving policies, legislation, guidelines, and fiscal measures for regulating the use of biodiversity.
- Adopting incentives to promote more sustainable forms of biodiversity use.
- Promoting trade rules and practices that foster sustainable use of biodiversity.
- Strengthening coordination within governments, and between governments and stakeholders.
- Securing adequate financial resources for conservation and sustainable use, from both national and international sources.
- Making better use of technology.
- Building political support for the changes necessary to ensure biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.
- Improving education and public awareness about the value of biodiversity.
The Convention on Biological Diversity and its underlying concepts can
be difficult to communicate to politicians and to the general public.
Nearly a decade after the Convention first acknowledged the lack of
information and knowledge regarding biological diversity, it remains an
issue that few people understand. There is little public discussion of
how to make sustainable use of biodiversity part of economic
development. The greatest crunch in sustainable development decisions is
the short- versus the long-term time frame. Sadly, it often still pays
to exploit the environment now by harvesting as much as possible as fast
as possible because economic rules do little to protect long-term
interests.
Truly sustainable development requires countries to redefine their
policies on land use, food, water, energy, employment, development,
conservation, economics, and trade. Biodiversity protection and
sustainable use requires the participation of ministries responsible for
such areas as agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy, tourism, trade
and finance.
The challenge facing governments, businesses, and citizens is to forge
transition strategies leading to long-term sustainable development. It
means negotiating trade-offs even as people are clamoring for more land
and businesses are pressing for concessions to expand their harvests.
The longer we wait, the fewer options we will have.
Information, education, and training
The transition to sustainable development requires a shift in public
attitudes as to what is an acceptable use of nature. This can only
happen if people have the right information, skills, and organizations
for understanding and dealing with biodiversity issues. Governments and
the business community need to invest in staff and training, and they
need to support organizations, including scientific bodies, that can
deal with and advise on biodiversity issues.
We also need a long-term process of public education to bring about
changes in behaviour and lifestyles, and to prepare societies for the
changes needed for sustainability. Better biodiversity education would
meet one of the goals set out in the Convention.
What can I do about biodiversity?
While governments should play a leadership role, other sectors of
society need to be actively involved. After all, it is the choices and
actions of billions of individuals that will determine whether or not
biodiversity is conserved and used sustainably.
In an era when economics is a dominant force in world affairs, it is
more important than ever to have business willingly involved in
environmental protection and the sustainable use of nature. Some
companies have revenues far greater than those of entire countries, and
their influence is immense. Fortunately, a growing number of companies
have decided to apply the principles of sustainable development to their
operations. For example, a number of forestry companies-often under
intense pressure from environmental boycotts-have moved from
clear-cutting to less destructive forms of timber harvesting. More and
more companies have also found ways to make a profit while reducing
their environmental impacts. They view sustainable development as
ensuring long-term profitability and increased goodwill from their
business partners, employees, and consumers. Local communities play a
key role since they are the true "managers" of the ecosystems in which
they live and, thus, have a major impact on them. Many projects have
been successfully developed in recent years involving the participation
of local communities in the sustainable management of biodiversity,
often with the valuable assistance of NGOs and intergovernmental
organizations.
Finally, the ultimate decision-maker for biodiversity is the individual
citizen. The small choices that individuals make add up to a large
impact because it is personal consumption that drives development, which
in turn uses and pollutes nature. By carefully choosing the products
they buy and the government policies that they support, the general
public can begin to steer the world towards sustainable development.
Governments, companies, and others have a responsibility to lead and
inform the public, but finally it is individual choices, made billions
of times a day, that count the most.
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