The Five Most Important Things You Can
Do for the Environment
Environmental Issues Like
Overpopulation, Water Scarcity Require Serious Action
If you feel you’re not doing enough
for the environment by replacing your incandescent light bulbs with CFL or LED
lights and composting your kitchen garbage, maybe you’re ready to make a deeper
commitment to environmental stewardship.
Some of these strategies may seem a
little radical, but they are among the most valuable actions you can take to
protect and preserve Earth’s environment.
Have Fewer Children—or None
Overpopulation
is arguably the world’s most serious environmental problem, because it exacerbates
all of the others. The global population grew from 3 billion in 1959
to 6 billion in 1999, an increase of 100 percent in just 40 years. According to
current projections, the world population will expand to 9 billion by 2040, a
slower growth rate than during the last half of the 20th century but one that
will leave us with many more people to accommodate.
Planet Earth is a closed system with
limited resources—only so much fresh water and clean air, only so many acres of
land for growing food—and as the world population grows our resources must
stretch to serve more and more people. At some point, that will no longer be
possible. Some scientists believe we have already passed that point.
Ultimately, we need to reverse this
growth trend by gradually bringing the human population of our planet back down
to a more manageable size. This means more people must decide to have fewer
children. This may sound pretty simple on the surface, but the drive to
reproduce is fundamental in all species and the decision to limit or forgo the
experience is an emotional, cultural or religious one for many people.
In many developing countries, large
families can be a matter of survival. Parents often have as many children as
possible to ensure that some will live to help with farming or other work, and
to care for the parents when they are old. For people in cultures like these,
lower birth rates will only come after other serious issues such as poverty,
hunger, poor sanitation and freedom from disease have been adequately
addressed.
In addition to keeping your own
family small, consider supporting programs that fight hunger and poverty,
improve sanitation and hygiene, or promote family planning and reproductive
health in developing nations.
Use Less Water—and Keep It Clean
Fresh, clean water is essential to
life—no one can live long without it—yet it is one of the scarcest and
most endangered resources on our increasingly fragile planet.
Water covers more than 70 percent of
the Earth’s surface, but most of that is salt water. Freshwater supplies are
much more limited, and today a third of the
world’s people lack access to clean drinking water. According to the
United Nations, 95 percent of the cities worldwide still dump raw sewage into
their water supplies. Not surprisingly, 80 percent of all illnesses in
developing countries can be linked to unsanitary water.
Use only as much water as you need,
don’t waste the water you do use, and avoid doing anything to taint or endanger
water supplies.
Eat Responsibly
Eating locally grown
food supports local farmers and merchants in your own community as
well as reducing the amount of fuel, air pollution and greenhouse
gas emissions required to move the food you eat from the farm to
your table. Eating organic meat
and produce keeps pesticides and chemical fertilizers off your plate
and out of rivers and streams.
Eating responsibly also means eating less
meat, and fewer animal products such as eggs and dairy products, or
perhaps none at all. It’s a matter of good stewardship of our finite resources.
Farm animals emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global
warming, and raising animals for food requires many times more land and water
than growing food crops.
Livestock now use 30 percent of the
planet’s land surface, including 33 percent of farmland worldwide, which is
used to produce animal feed. Every time you sit down to a plant-based meal
instead of an animal-based meal, you save about 280 gallons of water and
protect anywhere from 12 to 50 square feet of land from deforestation,
overgrazing, and pesticide and fertilizer pollution.
Conserve Energy—and Switch to Renewable Energy
Walk, bike and use public
transportation more. Drive less. Not only will you be healthier and help to
preserve precious energy resources, you’ll also save money. According to a
study by the American Public Transportation Association, families that use
public transportation can reduce their household expenses by $6,200 annually,
more than the average U.S.
household spends on food every year.
There are dozens of other ways you
can conserve energy—from turning off lights and unplugging appliances when they
are not in use, to substituting cold water for hot whenever practical and
weather stripping your doors and windows, to not overheating or overcooling
your home and office. One way to start is to get a free energy
audit from your local utility.
Whenever possible, choose renewable
energy over fossil fuels. For example, many municipal utilities now offer green
energy alternatives so that you can get some or all of your electricity from
wind, solar or other renewable energy sources.
Reduce Your Carbon Footprint
Many human
activities—from using coal-fired power plants to generate
electricity to driving gasoline-powered vehicles—cause greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to climate change.
Scientists are already seeing
significant climate changes that point to the likelihood of serious
consequences, from increasing drought
that could further reduce food
and water supplies to rising sea
levels that will submerge islands and coastal regions and create
millions of environmental
refugees.
Online calculators can help you measure and
reduce your personal carbon footprint, but climate change is a
global problem that requires global solutions and, so far, the world’s nations
have been slow to find common ground on this issue. In addition to lowering your
own carbon footprint, let your government officials know that you expect them
to take action on this issue—and keep the pressure on until they do.
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