Cyanobacteria are microscopic, photosynthetic bacteria that are also known as blue-green algae. They are the most abundant organisms on Earth and have been around for about 3.5 billion years.
Characteristics
Photosynthetic: Use sunlight to create organic compounds from carbon dioxide
Unicellular or multicellular: Can grow in large colonies
Gram-negative bacteria: Have a cell envelope with four layers
Found in many environments: Can live in lakes, streams, ponds, rivers, reservoirs, hot springs, and more
Role in the environment
Nitrogen fixation: Some cyanobacteria fix nitrogen from the atmosphere
Soil nutrient management: Help maintain soil structure and produce organic substances
Degrade pollutants: Can break down environmental pollutants
Problems
Algal blooms: When nutrient concentrations are high, cyanobacteria can reproduce rapidly and form large blooms. These blooms can discolor water, produce unpleasant odors, and harm fish populations.
Uses
Biotechnology: Cyanobacteria have potential uses in biotechnology, pharmacology, and agriculture
Food supplements: Some strains of cyanobacteria are rich in food supplements
Biofertilizers: Cyanobacteria can be used to improve soil fertility and plant growth
Alternative energy: Cyanobacteria may be a source of alternative energy
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