Water pollution source in River water

 Major sources of water pollution in a river water reservoir include: industrial waste discharge, agricultural runoff (pesticides and fertilizers), untreated sewage, solid waste disposal, oil spills, urban storm water runoff, mining waste, and thermal pollution from power plants; all of which can introduce harmful chemicals, nutrients, pathogens, and sediments into the water body, impacting its quality and ecosystem health. 

Breakdown of sources:

Industrial sources:

Chemical waste from factories 

Heavy metals from manufacturing processes 

Toxic chemicals from industrial cleaning 

Heated wastewater from cooling systems 

Agricultural sources:

Runoff from farmlands containing pesticides and fertilizers 

Animal waste from livestock operations 

Municipal sources:

Untreated sewage from households and communities 

Stormwater runoff carrying pollutants from streets and parking lots 

Other sources:

Litter and debris disposal 

Oil spills from transportation accidents 

Mining waste containing heavy metals 

Radioactive waste from nuclear facilities 

Key points to remember:

Point sources:

These are identifiable locations where pollutants are released directly into the water, such as industrial pipes or sewage outfalls. 

Non-point sources:

These are diffuse sources of pollution, like agricultural runoff from large areas, where pollutants enter the water body from multiple locations. 

Water pollutants can be classified into categories like: organic pollutants, pathogens, nutrients (agricultural runoff), suspended solids and sediments, inorganic pollutants (salts and metals), thermal pollution, and radioactive pollutants. 

Detailed breakdown:

Organic pollutants:

Pesticides and herbicides

Pharmaceuticals

Industrial solvents and cleansers

Oil spills

Decaying organic matter

Pathogens:

Bacteria (like E. coli)

Viruses

Parasites

Nutrients (agricultural runoff):

Nitrates

Phosphates

Suspended solids and sediments:

Soil particles

Silt

Inorganic pollutants (salts and metals):

Heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium)

Salts (sodium, chloride)

Thermal pollution:

Excessive heat from industrial wastewater discharge

Radioactive pollutants:

Radioactive isotopes from nuclear waste