HIRA

Breakdown in 3 Groups:

A. ATMOSPHERIC (The Silent Killers - 70% of confined space deaths):

Oxygen Deficiency <19.5%

Oxygen Enrichment >23.5%

Toxic Gases H2S, CO

Flammable/Explosive >10% LEL

Airborne Dusts

B. PHYSICAL & MECHANICAL:

Engulfment

Entrapment / Restricted Access

Falls, Slips & Trips

Falling Objects

Moving Machinery / Entanglement

Electrical Hazards

Noise & Vibration

C. ENVIRONMENTAL & OTHER:

Extreme Temperature

Poor Lighting / Visibility

Biological - Mold/Bacteria

Chemical Contact

Psychological Stress / Communication Failure

Manual Handling / Ergonomic

Pro tip from your HSE background: The bottom strip is your control hierarchy - Permit > Gas Test > Ventilation > Isolation/LOTO > Attendant > Rescue > PPE - always test atmosphere continuously, never enter alone. ⛑️🦺📝🌡️🚨🚧🏗️🚥💥🎯

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