Conserving Energy Using Analytical Techniques while Protecting the Environment:
Hydrolizer and stripper are employed at various
ammonia-urea complexes to treat contaminated condensates consisting of
seal tank water, seal and flushing water of carbamate and ammonia
pumps, and ammonia unit waste stream from CO2 regenerator overhead
condenser system. Steam is used for hydrolyzing as well as stripping
off NH3 from the hydrolyzed condensate. The use of this steam on urea
unit is not uncommon but utilizing it on ammonia unit, especially as
process steam, has been a skeptical speculation based on the fact that
ammonia unit houses catalytic systems, very sensitive to contaminated
streams. In addition to contaminants like chlorides and sulphates,
presence of ammonia in this steam is also undesirable for the
downstream system. However, the incentive for this utilization is
large, based on tremendous amount of energy saving. Such an incentive
was taken back in 1998 when this steam was taken as process steam.
However, due to unavailability of any sensitive detection equipment,
Low Temperature Shift converter catalyst was de-activated before its
predicted life and the steam was then off lined. This highlighted the
fact that if hydrolizer stripper steam is to be utilized as part of
ammonia unit process steam; careful monitoring and checks of sensitive
nature will have to be conducted because although the incentive is
high, the risks involved are also tremendous. Availability of Ion
Chromatograph, capable of detecting presence of ions in parts per
billion, and careful periodic monitoring of reactor profiles has
resulted in utilization of hydrolizer/ stripper steam as process steam
on ammonia unit again, minimizing hazard to the downstream catalysts
and resulting in saving $ 0.55 million/year.
History of Engro Chemicals:
Engro’s ammonia /urea site was established in 1968
as ESSO Pakistan Fertilizer Company Limited with an annual urea
production capacity of 173,000 tons and a market share of 80 %. The
company was later re-named Exxon Chemical Pakistan Limited (ECPL). By
1988, Exxon Chemical had attained an annual urea production capacity of
268,000 tons through a series of de-bottlenecking steps over the
years. However, the continuous
addition of large capacity plants by competitors had eroded
company’s market share to only 15%.
In this context, ECPL carried out an unprecedented relocation of mothballed ammonia and urea plants in 1992. The ammonia unit was relocated from Pascagoula, Mississippi, USA, while urea unit was relocated from Billingham, UK. The relocation occurred after, as part of their global strategy, Exxon divested from Exxon Chemical Pakistan Limited and the company under the employee-led buy out was renamed as Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited. As a result of the commissioning of relocated plants in 1993, the site annual urea capacity increased to 600,000 tons per annum.
In 1998, the company undertook yet another debottlenecking step “ECES-850 (Engro Conservation & Expansion Step) to improve energy efficiency and increase plant capacity to 850 KT per annum urea. Further steps for service and capacity factor improvement, enabled to produce 950 KT in year 2003.
In this context, ECPL carried out an unprecedented relocation of mothballed ammonia and urea plants in 1992. The ammonia unit was relocated from Pascagoula, Mississippi, USA, while urea unit was relocated from Billingham, UK. The relocation occurred after, as part of their global strategy, Exxon divested from Exxon Chemical Pakistan Limited and the company under the employee-led buy out was renamed as Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited. As a result of the commissioning of relocated plants in 1993, the site annual urea capacity increased to 600,000 tons per annum.
In 1998, the company undertook yet another debottlenecking step “ECES-850 (Engro Conservation & Expansion Step) to improve energy efficiency and increase plant capacity to 850 KT per annum urea. Further steps for service and capacity factor improvement, enabled to produce 950 KT in year 2003.
Introduction:
Cost of steam generation on an ammonia plant is a
typical area of concern, more so lately because of increased gas
prices. Steam saving is, therefore, an area much concentrated upon and
any step in this direction is of importance.
Utilization of hydrolizer and stripper steam as ammonia process steam has had major impact on overall steam saving at the ammonia plant in Engro Chemical Pakistan Ltd.
Utilization of hydrolizer and stripper steam as ammonia process steam has had major impact on overall steam saving at the ammonia plant in Engro Chemical Pakistan Ltd.
Figure1: Process Flow Diagram of hydrolizer stripper unit and its steam path; the dotted lines show steam.
Engro Chemical Pakistan Ltd operates 2700 MTPD urea
plants. The waste water generation from these plants is treated in
hydrolizer and stripper unit where urea is hydrolyzed to give CO2 and
H2O. In addition to the wastewater from urea units, the hydrolizer
stripper also treats waste stream from CO2 regenerator overhead
condenser
system. The hydrolyzed stream is then taken to the stripper where NH3 is stripped off using 6100 kN/m2 (gage) steam and the ammonia free condensate is sent to the lime-softening unit. The steam used for hydrolyzing is the steam that is coming from stripper after stripping. This steam is usually vented or utilized at Urea plants. However, at ECPL this has been used at ammonia unit as process steam.
system. The hydrolyzed stream is then taken to the stripper where NH3 is stripped off using 6100 kN/m2 (gage) steam and the ammonia free condensate is sent to the lime-softening unit. The steam used for hydrolyzing is the steam that is coming from stripper after stripping. This steam is usually vented or utilized at Urea plants. However, at ECPL this has been used at ammonia unit as process steam.
Hydrolizer treats two streams, seal water from urea
unit and CO2 condensate from ammonia unit. Total is 30 m3/hr of
condensate containing 1.2% ammonia and 0.8% urea. About 9 MeT/hr of
steam containing 5-6% ammonia was being vented in the atmosphere at a
height of 30.5 m.
This paper covers the experience of introducing
hydrolizer stripper exit steam as process steam at ammonia unit that
helped to improve the environment and site energy index. Initially, the
activity failed due to fast deactivation and loss of Pre-reformer and
LTS catalyst life. Miscellaneous problem and the subsequent remedial
actions taken to save the catalyst and Cu/Ni exchangers have been
discussed in detail with actual data.
Benefits
Following benefits were gained after the implementation of this project.
- Utilization of hydrolizer stripper steam as ammonia unit process steam improved the energy index of the site. Energy saving of 209 Joules per MeT of Urea was realized.
- Localized pollution in the area due to venting of NH3 rich steam at lower height was addressed after the project.
- Previously, when hydrolizer stripper steam was being vented, cooling tower pH was observed to increase. After this project, this issue has been taken care of.
- Utilization of hydrolizer stripper steam as ammonia unit process steam improved the energy index of the site. Energy saving of 209 Joules per MeT of Urea was realized.
- Localized pollution in the area due to venting of NH3 rich steam at lower height was addressed after the project.
- Previously, when hydrolizer stripper steam was being vented, cooling tower pH was observed to increase. After this project, this issue has been taken care of.
Vulnerabilities Associated with Use of Hydrolizer/ Stripper Steam as Process Steam
Use of hydrolizer and stripper steam as process steam has several vulnerabilities associated with it that are explained in the following.Presence of sulphates and chlorides:
Hydrolizer/ stripper steam has the possibility of
containing chlorides and sulphates in it. Several cooling water
exchangers are installed both on urea units and ammonia unit, in the
process, for cooling the streams before knocking off condensate from
them. These condensates are then treated in the hydrolizer stripper
unit. If the exchangers happen to have any leakages chlorides and
sulphates escape into the system condensates. These ions can be
detrimental to the process in the following ways:
- High sulphate level in the process steam reduces
pre reformer catalyst life although to a lesser extent than hydrogen
sulphide or organic sulphur compounds that may slip from the
desulphurizer.
- Low temperature shift converter catalyst is sensitive to chloride poisoning. Unchecked exposure of the catalyst to chlorides can result in permanent loss of catalyst activity.
- Low temperature shift converter catalyst is sensitive to chloride poisoning. Unchecked exposure of the catalyst to chlorides can result in permanent loss of catalyst activity.
High Ammonia Levels in Process Condensate
Steam from hydrolizer stripper has the potential of
increasing ammonia level in the condensate from carbon dioxide stream as
well as other process streams.
Previous Experience with Hydrolizer Stripper Steam as Process Steam
Hydrolizer stripper steam was lined up with the
process in 1998 for the first time. However, following problems arose
due to which the steam was backed off and vented.
Poisoning of LTSC Catalyst
A cooling water exchanger for carbon dioxide was
leaking due to which chlorides were creeping into the process
condensate. This condensate was lined up to hydrolizer stripper and
hence chlorides were entering the process via hydrolizer/ stripper
steam. LTSC catalyst was exhausted before its due time.
LTSC reaction profile curves at various bed depths
during the period of rapid deactivation are illustrated in Fig. 2. As
illustrated in the figure reaction at 64% bed depth reduced by 7%
during a period of less than a month when chlorides were entering with
the system along with hydrolizer stripper steam.
At the same time reaction at 75% bed depth showed an increase indicating that reaction had shifted lower into the bed.
The lower curve is percentage reaction at 64% bed depth while the upper curve is reaction at 75% bed depth.
The lower curve is percentage reaction at 64% bed depth while the upper curve is reaction at 75% bed depth.
Deactivation of Pre Reformer Catalyst
Faster deactivation of pre-reformer catalyst was also
experienced during the time hydrolizer stripper steam was lined up
with the process. Although the catalyst did not exhaust at that time
and was changed several months later, however, the rate of deactivation
was more pronounced than the normal deactivation rate.
Reaction profiles of pre reformer at 18% and 47% bed depths during the time hydrolizer stripper steam was lined up and sulphates were in the system due to exchanger leakage are shown in Fig 3.
Reaction profiles of pre reformer at 18% and 47% bed depths during the time hydrolizer stripper steam was lined up and sulphates were in the system due to exchanger leakage are shown in Fig 3.
As can be seen from the curves, reaction has dropped
lower into the bed rapidly indicating fast deactivation during a period
of about one month. Upper curve indicates reaction at 18% bed depth
while lower curve indicates reaction at 47% bed depth.
Ammonia in CO2 and Enhanced Corrosion of Cu-Ni Exchangers
Before carrying out this venture, it was generally
believed that due to high temperature any ammonia present in the
process is broken down into hydrogen and nitrogen in secondary
reformer. However, this did not happen in actual experience where
increased ammonia levels were experienced in process condensates
indicating high ammonia level in the process.
Increased ammonia level in process resulted in
presence of ammonia in CO2
stream going to the urea units. Urea units had Cu-Ni exchangers
as inter stage coolers of the CO2 compressor and increased ammonia
caused corrosion of these exchangers. Corrosion was detected by
observed leakage in these exchangers.
Based on these issues, hydrolizer stripper steam was off-lined from the process.Improvements
The incentive for steam saving remained high and
resulted in devising strategies to carry out the venture again but with
improved monitoring techniques and controls.
Ion Chromatographer
The availability of ion chromatographer solved the problem of deficiency in monitoring techniques. Ion chromatographer can detect presence of ions in levels as low as parts per billion. The chromatographer is based on conductivity principle and provided with conductivity suppressor module. It can detect a number of ions in the form of conductivity peaks and can be used for the quantitative as well as qualitative measurement of various anions.Previously, LTSC catalyst was poisoned due to unavailability of monitoring technique capable of measuring minuscule chloride and sulphate levels. Due to this blind spot, chlorides escaped unnoticed into the system and caused poisoning of LTSC. With the ion chromatographer and an efficient monitoring schedule in place, no unnoticed contaminants can enter the system. As soon as any contaminant beyond its acceptable level is detected, hydrolizer stripper steam is off lined from the process and the problem is trouble-shooted and rectified. Steam is not lined up to the process again unless the contaminant levels return to their acceptable limits.
Replacement of Cu-Ni Exchangers
Replacement of Cu-Ni exchangers at urea plants with
stainless steel ones has reduced the vulnerability associated with
increase in ammonia levels.
More Areas of Concern:
Possibility of Carbamate Formation
Introducing the hydrolizer stripper steam into the
system as process steam increases the overall ammonia level in the
process condensates. Increased ammonia in the process stream, as
discussed above, has the potential of being carried over with CO2 to
urea units. It has been experienced in two instances, specially during
plant start up, that when waste water containing higher than normal
operating concentration of ammonia has been lined up with hydrolizer
stripper, ammonia concentration has increased in hydrolizer/ stripper
steam with subsequent increase in ammonia concentration in CO2.
Presence of ammonia in CO2 has resulted in carbamate formation in CO2
compressor valves.
However, presence of ammonia alone cannot cause
carbamate formation. Water should also be present in addition to
favorable temperature and pressure. Following steps have been taken
to check the formation of carbamate:
- Ensuring the absence of water in CO2 stream. This means making sure no knock out drum after CO2 compressor inter stage coolers is malfunctioning.
- Carrying out regular monitoring of process condensates at ammonia unit for presence of ammonia. Increased ammonia in process condensates is usually a harbinger of presence of ammonia in CO2.
- Based on these close checks, increased ammonia in process streams is handled and hydrolizer/ stripper steam off-lined from process in case of increase beyond acceptable levels.
- Ensuring the absence of water in CO2 stream. This means making sure no knock out drum after CO2 compressor inter stage coolers is malfunctioning.
- Carrying out regular monitoring of process condensates at ammonia unit for presence of ammonia. Increased ammonia in process condensates is usually a harbinger of presence of ammonia in CO2.
- Based on these close checks, increased ammonia in process streams is handled and hydrolizer/ stripper steam off-lined from process in case of increase beyond acceptable levels.
Conclusion
Industrial units usually incur large expenses
operating an environmental improvement project that are justified only
by the improvement in environmental standards being practiced by the
industry. However, utilization of hydrolizer stripper steam in the
process has given a new dimension to this project as it has ended up
causing savings worth millions of dollars in addition to being a
necessity for effluent treatment. Another associated benefit has been
elimination of localized air pollution.
The essence of the whole project, however, lies in improved monitoring techniques and stringent monitoring standards without which it can cause damage to the process far exceeding its benefit. It is a perfect example of how good analysis and monitoring techniques can cause conservation of energy and improvement of energy indices.
The essence of the whole project, however, lies in improved monitoring techniques and stringent monitoring standards without which it can cause damage to the process far exceeding its benefit. It is a perfect example of how good analysis and monitoring techniques can cause conservation of energy and improvement of energy indices.
 |
Jahangir Waheed
Jahangir Waheed has 24 years of experience in fertilizer industry. He is currently working as Technical Manager, at Engro Fertilizers Limited, Pakistan |
Aug
2
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Aug 01, 2015=Departure from Normal(oC) 3
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Aug 01, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 27 deg. Celsius respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 27 deg. Celsius respectively.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 31, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 31, 2015
Partly cloudy with afternoon showers or thunderstorms. High 36C. Winds W at 10 to 15 km/h. Chance of rain 40%.
Partly cloudy with afternoon showers or thunderstorms. High 36C. Winds W at 10 to 15 km/h. Chance of rain 40%.
Tropical Cyclone Komen Soaking Waterlogged Bangladesh, Myanmar; At Least 39 Reported Dead
Tropical Cyclone Komen Soaking Waterlogged Bangladesh, Myanmar; At Least 39 Reported Dead
By Nick Wiltgen
Published Jul 31 2015 03:46 PM EDT
weather.com
Hurricane Guillermo is Gaining Strength as it Moves Towards Hawaii
Senior Hurricane Specialist Bryan Norcross tracks Hurricane Guillermo.
By Nick Wiltgen
Published Jul 31 2015 03:46 PM EDT
weather.com
Hurricane Guillermo is Gaining Strength as it Moves Towards Hawaii
Senior Hurricane Specialist Bryan Norcross tracks Hurricane Guillermo.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 30, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 30, 2015
Daily Weather History Graph
Monthly Weather History Graph
Daily Weather History Graph
Monthly Weather History Graph
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 29, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 29, 2015
Daily Weather History Graph
MONTHLY
Monthly Weather History Graph
Daily Weather History Graph
MONTHLY
Monthly Weather History Graph
The properties of carbon dioxide gas
The properties of carbon dioxide gas
Do you know that carbon dioxide gas is produced from the breathing of humans and animals , It is produced from the combustion of coal or hydrocarbons , the fermentation of liquids , and It is a colorless , tasteless and odorless gas .
Do you know that carbon dioxide gas is produced from the breathing of humans and animals , It is produced from the combustion of coal or hydrocarbons , the fermentation of liquids , and It is a colorless , tasteless and odorless gas .
What is conductivity and why is it important?
Conductivity
What is conductivity and why is it important?
Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current.
What is conductivity and why is it important?
Conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to pass an electrical current.
Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Dissolved Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand
What is dissolved oxygen and why is it important?
The stream system both produces and consumes oxygen. It gains oxygen from the atmosphere and from plants as a result of photosynthesis.
What is dissolved oxygen and why is it important?
The stream system both produces and consumes oxygen. It gains oxygen from the atmosphere and from plants as a result of photosynthesis.
Water Quality Conditions ; Quality Assurance, Quality Control, and Quality Assessment Measures
Quality Assurance, Quality Control, and Quality Assessment Measures
Water quality monitoring is defined here as the sampling and analysis of water constituents and conditions.
Water quality monitoring is defined here as the sampling and analysis of water constituents and conditions.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 28, 2015
http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2012/04/safety-movement-history.html
http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2012/08/what-is-product-stewardship-for.html
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 28, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy.
http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2012/08/what-is-product-stewardship-for.html
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 28, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy.
Bharat has lost a Ratna: PM Modi writes on APJ Abdul Kalam's death
Bharat has lost a Ratna: PM Modi writes on APJ Abdul Kalam's death
Narendra Modi | Updated: Jul 28, 2015 18:56 IST
File photo of former president APJ Abdul Kalam with Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi in Jan 2015. Kalam passed away in Shillong at the age of 83.
Narendra Modi | Updated: Jul 28, 2015 18:56 IST
File photo of former president APJ Abdul Kalam with Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi in Jan 2015. Kalam passed away in Shillong at the age of 83.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 27, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 27, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 32 and 27 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 32 and 27 deg. cel respectively.
Ex-President APJ Abdul Kalam passes away after collapsing during lecture in Shillong
1.6k Likes29 Comments377 Shares
DrAmar Nath Giri
Shillong: Former President APJ Abdul Kalam, a popular President between 2002 and 2007, passed away on Monday after he collapsed during a lecture in Shillong.
APJ Abdul Kalam.
DrAmar Nath Giri
Shillong: Former President APJ Abdul Kalam, a popular President between 2002 and 2007, passed away on Monday after he collapsed during a lecture in Shillong.
APJ Abdul Kalam.
How to Take Action to Reduce Global Warming
IT IS REQUIRED TO FOLLOW DAY TO DAY ACTIVITIES AS ROLE MODEL =AS CITIZEN,AS EMPLOYEES, AS RESPONSIBLE PERSONALITY.
How to Go Green at Work =FIND GOOD TO SHARE
How to Go Green at Work
If you are already taking environmentally friendly steps at home, it's a natural extension to take similar measures at work, both to save energy and to create a healthier workspace environment.
If you are already taking environmentally friendly steps at home, it's a natural extension to take similar measures at work, both to save energy and to create a healthier workspace environment.
How to Love the Environment
How to Love the Environment
The environment is your life, your world--at least, it should be. The environment houses you, gives you oxygen, gives you peace. So do you find yourself just not caring about it? Do you want to? Read on to learn how to love the environment.
The environment is your life, your world--at least, it should be. The environment houses you, gives you oxygen, gives you peace. So do you find yourself just not caring about it? Do you want to? Read on to learn how to love the environment.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 26, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 26, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 32 and 26 deg.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 32 and 26 deg.
Jul
26
What responsibility does the State government have towards environmental protection under the Indian Constitution?
What responsibility does the State government have towards environmental protection under the Indian Constitution?
The State’s responsibility with regard to environmental protection has been laid down under Article 48-A of our Constitution, which reads as follows:
“The State shall endeavour to pro
The State’s responsibility with regard to environmental protection has been laid down under Article 48-A of our Constitution, which reads as follows:
“The State shall endeavour to pro
Acts for the Protection of the Indian Environment Since 1853
The Shore
Nuisance (Bombay and Colaba) Act, 1853. The Orient Gas Company Act,
1857. The Serais Act, 1867. The Northern India Canal and Drainage Act,
1873. The Obstruction in Fairways Act, 1881. The Indian Fisheries Act,
1897. The Indian Ports Act, 1901. The Bengal Smoke Nuisance Act, 1905.
COLUMN INTERNALS
COLUMN INTERNALS
What is the difference between stripping and distillation?
What is the difference between stripping and distillation?
Stripping and distillation are both methods of separation of components that have differences in their relative volatility, or tendency to become a vapor as temperature rises.
Stripping and distillation are both methods of separation of components that have differences in their relative volatility, or tendency to become a vapor as temperature rises.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 25, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 25, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
GMP Observations in Production-Does Standard Operating Procedure are followed and displayed.
GMP Observations in Production
1] General procedure:
1.1 Quality Assurance personnel shall make plant round to check adherence of cGMP and fill up the checklist.
1] General procedure:
1.1 Quality Assurance personnel shall make plant round to check adherence of cGMP and fill up the checklist.
GMP Audit Check List- Equipment
GMP Audit Check List- Equipment
Is brief description of major production and quality control lab.
Is brief description of major production and quality control lab.
Jul
25
GMP Audit Check List- Storage of Starting Materials
GMP Audit Check List- Storage of Starting Materials
Are there physically separated storage areas for –
a. raw materials? b.Packaging materials
Are storage areas enclosed and locked, where required?
Is storage available for - a. solvent?
b.
Are there physically separated storage areas for –
a. raw materials? b.Packaging materials
Are storage areas enclosed and locked, where required?
Is storage available for - a. solvent?
b.
Indian Peacock - The Bird of Lord Krishna AT NFCL ZOO
Indian Peacock - The Bird of Lord Krishna
Indian Peacock or peafowl - the national bird of India - is one of the most beautiful indigenous birds of India. Indian peacock is known for beautiful feathers and romantic dance under the black-clouded sky.
Indian Peacock or peafowl - the national bird of India - is one of the most beautiful indigenous birds of India. Indian peacock is known for beautiful feathers and romantic dance under the black-clouded sky.
Over 4 crore devotees take dip in Godavari Pushkar in AP
Over 4 crore devotees take dip in Godavari Pushkar in AP
HYDERABAD, July 24, 2015, DHNS:
A record number of 4.14 crore pilgrims had a dip in the holy waters of Godavari river in several ghats of Andhra Pradesh by Friday afternoon.
HYDERABAD, July 24, 2015, DHNS:
A record number of 4.14 crore pilgrims had a dip in the holy waters of Godavari river in several ghats of Andhra Pradesh by Friday afternoon.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 24, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 24, 2015
Daily Weather History Graph
Monthly Weather History Graph
Daily Weather History Graph
Monthly Weather History Graph
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 23, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 23, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 33 and 25 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 33 and 25 deg. cel respectively.
Jul
23
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 22, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 22, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 28 and 24 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 28 and 24 deg. cel respectively.
Giammarco - Vetrocoke
GV published
and presented worldwide several papers to inform on its developments and
experience, thus contributing to the growth of the chemical engineering
community.
The following is the list of the most recent papers by GV.
The following is the list of the most recent papers by GV.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 21, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 21, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
Steps taken for revival of fertilizer plants/units
Steps taken for revival of fertilizer plants/units
In view of the continuous losses of Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL) and Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFCL) stemming from technical and financial non viability of operations, Government decided to close down all five unit
In view of the continuous losses of Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL) and Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFCL) stemming from technical and financial non viability of operations, Government decided to close down all five unit
Union Agriculture Minister launches PGS-India, Soil Health Card and FQCS Web Portals
Union Agriculture Minister launches PGS-India, Soil Health Card and FQCS Web Portals
Shri Radha Mohan Singh, Union Agriculture Minister launched 3 web portals viz. Soil Health Card portal, Fertiliser Quality Control System portal and Participatory Guarantee System – India portal here today.
Shri Radha Mohan Singh, Union Agriculture Minister launched 3 web portals viz. Soil Health Card portal, Fertiliser Quality Control System portal and Participatory Guarantee System – India portal here today.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 20, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 20, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain or Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 25 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain or Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 25 deg. cel respectively.
Azolla GoodSource Of Prokaryotic Cyanobacteria
the Azolla Superorganism
The Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis has been called a superorganism that combines the individual talents of two very different organisms.
The Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis has been called a superorganism that combines the individual talents of two very different organisms.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 19, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 19, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers may occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers may occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 35 and 26 deg. cel respectively.
“management system” – the act of managing a group of interacting, interrelated or interdependent elements forming a complex whole
The ISO Definition of a “Management System”
ANSI/ISO/ASQ ISO Q9000-2000 defines a “management system” as follows – a system (separately defined as a set of interrelated or interacting elements) to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.
ANSI/ISO/ASQ ISO Q9000-2000 defines a “management system” as follows – a system (separately defined as a set of interrelated or interacting elements) to establish policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.
Neem Oil an Urea Coating Agent which improves Urea efficiency and crop yield
Neem Oil an Urea Coating Agent which improves Urea efficiency and crop yield
Plants need a continuous availability of nitrogen at various stages for proper growth. Urea contains highest amount of nitrogen among all inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Plants need a continuous availability of nitrogen at various stages for proper growth. Urea contains highest amount of nitrogen among all inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 19, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 19, 2015
Godavari water is safe, says study
Godavari water is safe, says study
Syed Akbar, TNN | Jun 5, 2015,
RAJAHMUNDRY: Godavari Pushkaram may well turn out to be a "healthy" affair for millions of pilgrims what with researchers finding that the water in the river near Rajahmundry is of "excellent grade".
Syed Akbar, TNN | Jun 5, 2015,
RAJAHMUNDRY: Godavari Pushkaram may well turn out to be a "healthy" affair for millions of pilgrims what with researchers finding that the water in the river near Rajahmundry is of "excellent grade".
Do's and Dont's in the Ghats
Do's and Dont's in the Ghats
All roads leading Rajahmundry are blocked: One crore devotees took holy dip at Rajahmundry Pushkar ghats
Godavari
pushkaralu Cultural Events in East and West Godavari districts on July
14, 2015 Cultural Events in Municipal Stadium, Rajahmundry CM orders
enquiry into stampede incident Pushkaralu Cultural Events in Rajahmundy
on July 15, 2015 Pushkaram Cultural Events in Anam Kalakendram,
Rajahmundry Smo
Jul
18
Pushkara Bath Process in Godavari Complete Details | à°ªుà°·్à°•à°° à°¸్à°¨ాà°¨ం à°šేà°¸ే à°µిà°§ాà°¨ం
Pushkara Bath Process in Godavari Complete Details | à°ªుà°·్à°•à°° à°¸్à°¨ాà°¨ం à°šేà°¸ే à°µిà°§ాà°¨ం
Pushkara Bath Process in Godavari: Pilgrims who reach Godavari for Godavari Pushkaralu 2015 and in search of exact and interesting facts about pushkara bath process can get complete information here.
Pushkara Bath Process in Godavari: Pilgrims who reach Godavari for Godavari Pushkaralu 2015 and in search of exact and interesting facts about pushkara bath process can get complete information here.
It is plan of my today to take holy dip in goidavri river at rajmundary
DrAmar Nath Giri
Just now ·
It is plan of my today to take holy dip in goidavri river at rajmundary
Godavari Pushkaralu the festival that occurs for only once in 12 years. This year 2015 people have got the chance to celebrate this event.
Just now ·
It is plan of my today to take holy dip in goidavri river at rajmundary
Godavari Pushkaralu the festival that occurs for only once in 12 years. This year 2015 people have got the chance to celebrate this event.
15 Health Benefits of Jackfruit
15 Health Benefits of Jackfruit
There is an old saying that goes like:”an apple a day, keeps the doctor away”. But there are also many other fruits with high nutritional value like the apple. Fruits are very helpful for the human body.
There is an old saying that goes like:”an apple a day, keeps the doctor away”. But there are also many other fruits with high nutritional value like the apple. Fruits are very helpful for the human body.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 17, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 17, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 37and 28 eg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 37and 28 eg. cel respectively.
How To Remove 8 kg Of Toxins From Your Body
Home » Natural Medicine » How To Remove 8 kg Of Toxins From Your Body
How To Remove 8 kg Of Toxins From Your Body
Colon has a standout amongst the most vital parts in the human body. It keeps up water adjust in the body, manages your insusceptible framework and aides in the digestive procedure.
How To Remove 8 kg Of Toxins From Your Body
Colon has a standout amongst the most vital parts in the human body. It keeps up water adjust in the body, manages your insusceptible framework and aides in the digestive procedure.
Azadirachtin Ec 0.03 % To Azadirachtin
Azadirachtin Ec 0.03 % To Azadirachtin
It is neem oil based botanical pesticide which containing more than 3000 PPM of Azadirachtin and other derivatives. It is an environment friendly pesticides.
TARGET PESTS
White Flies, Leaf Miner, Hoppers, Caterpillar, Thrips, Aphids, Mites.
It is neem oil based botanical pesticide which containing more than 3000 PPM of Azadirachtin and other derivatives. It is an environment friendly pesticides.
TARGET PESTS
White Flies, Leaf Miner, Hoppers, Caterpillar, Thrips, Aphids, Mites.
Jul
17
Neem for Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation : Indian Perspective
Presently we have the following artciles: -
Neem for Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation :
Indian Perspective.
Neem : The Wonder Tree By Dr.
Neem for Sustainable Development and Environmental Conservation :
Indian Perspective.
Neem : The Wonder Tree By Dr.
Why Azadirachtin technical is the best choice for making Insecticides/ pesticides?
Why Azadirachtin technical is the best choice for making Insecticides/ pesticides?
1. It is most potent insect repellent, antifeedant and an insect growth regulator. 2. It affects more than 300 species of insects. 3. Insects can’t develop resistance for Azadirachtin. 4.
1. It is most potent insect repellent, antifeedant and an insect growth regulator. 2. It affects more than 300 species of insects. 3. Insects can’t develop resistance for Azadirachtin. 4.
Records required by ISO 9001
Records required by ISO 9001
ISO 9001 requires records to be kept on certain activities.
This is part of proving that you ‘do what you say’. These records are also important for making fact-based decisions on issues in your company.
ISO 9001 requires records to be kept on certain activities.
This is part of proving that you ‘do what you say’. These records are also important for making fact-based decisions on issues in your company.
Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 16, 2015
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jul 16, 2015
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 37 and 28 deg. cel respectively.
Today's Forecast:Sky condition would be Generally Cloudy. Rain/Thundershowers would occur in parts of city. Maximum & Minimum temperatures would be around 37 and 28 deg. cel respectively.
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, development and reproduction.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, development and reproduction.
Soil pH
Soil pH
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity in soils. pH levels range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, below 7 acidic and above 7 alkaline. The optimal pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.0; however, many plants have adapted to thrive at pH values outside this range.
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity in soils. pH levels range from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, below 7 acidic and above 7 alkaline. The optimal pH range for most plants is between 5.5 and 7.0; however, many plants have adapted to thrive at pH values outside this range.
Jul
16
4R Implementation for Sustainable Cropping Systems
4R Implementation for Sustainable Cropping Systems
Production demands, input requirements and environmental impacts taken together mean the risks for making the wrong nutrient use decisions is greater now than ever.
Production demands, input requirements and environmental impacts taken together mean the risks for making the wrong nutrient use decisions is greater now than ever.
Fertilizer Use and the 4Rs
Fertilizer Use and the 4Rs
Fertilizers are a necessary component of sustainable crop production. When properly managed, fertilizers help address the challenge of increasing production in an economically viable way while retaining the ecological integrity of cropping systems.
Fertilizers are a necessary component of sustainable crop production. When properly managed, fertilizers help address the challenge of increasing production in an economically viable way while retaining the ecological integrity of cropping systems.
Govt to raise energy efficiency targets for industry
Govt to raise energy efficiency targets for industry
Environment secretary says the ministry will reveal India’s ambitious plan to address climate change by the end of August
13
inShare
A file photo of environment secretary Ashok Lavasa.
Environment secretary says the ministry will reveal India’s ambitious plan to address climate change by the end of August
13
inShare
A file photo of environment secretary Ashok Lavasa.
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