El Niño occurs when surface waters in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean become warmer than usual. It can change weather patterns worldwide, increasing the risk of droughts in some regions and heavy rainfall or flooding in others.
La Niña is the opposite phase, when these ocean waters become cooler than usual. It can bring different weather patterns, including increased rainfall in some areas and drought in others.
Both are natural climate patterns that influence temperature, rainfall, agriculture, and water resources around the world. Understanding them helps communities prepare for floods, droughts, and other weather-related risks.
Remember: El Niño and La Niña don’t affect every region in the same way, but both play an important role in Earth’s climate system.
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